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Equivalence of distance-based and RKHS-based statistics in hypothesis testing

机译:假设检验中基于距离和基于RKHS的统计量的等效性

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摘要

We provide a unifying framework linking two classes of statistics used in two-sample and independence testing: on the one hand, the energy distances and distance covariances from the statistics literature; on the other, maximum mean discrepancies (MMD), that is, distances between embeddings of distributions to reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS), as established in machine learning. In the case where the energy distance is computed with a semimetric of negative type, a positive definite kernel, termed distance kernel, may be defined such that the MMD corresponds exactly to the energy distance. Conversely, for any positive definite kernel, we can interpret the MMDas energy distance with respect to some negative-type semimetric. This equivalence readily extends to distance covariance using kernels on the product space. We determine the class of probability distributions for which the test statistics are consistent against all alternatives. Finally, we investigate the performance of the family of distance kernels in two-sample and independence tests: we show in particular that the energy distance most commonly employed in statistics is just one member of a parametric family of kernels, and that other choices from this family can yield more powerful tests. © Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 2013.
机译:我们提供了一个统一的框架,将两个样本和独立性测试中使用的两类统计数据联系起来:一方面,能量距离和距离协方差来自统计文献;另一方面,能量距离和距离协方差来自统计文献。另一方面,最大平均差异(MMD),即,分布的嵌入之间与再现内核希尔伯特空间(RKHS)之间的距离,如机器学习中所确立的那样。在用负类型的半度量计算能量距离的情况下,可以定义正定核(称为距离核),以使MMD精确对应于能量距离。相反,对于任何正定核,我们可以相对于某些负型半度量将MMD解释为能量距离。使用产品空间上的核,该等价关系很容易扩展到距离协方差。我们确定概率统计分布的类别,其检验统计量与所有替代方法都一致。最后,我们在两个样本和独立性测试中研究了距离核族的性能:我们特别表明,统计中最常用的能量距离只是参数核族的一个,而从中可以选择家庭可以进行更强大的测试。 ©数理统计研究所,2013年。

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